|
Comprised of is an expression in English: X "is comprised of" Y means that X is composed or made up of Y. Its use has been disparaged by language professionals, although it is common in writing and speech. ==Use== "Comprised of", with what is by far its commonest meaning today, has occurred since the early 18th century.〔With what is likely to have been a different meaning, it goes back to 1661 if not earlier. See David Russinoff, Mark Liberman, and commenters, "(More on the history of ''comprised of'' meaning 'composed of' )", Language Log, 6 June 2011.〕 Here are some examples (with emphases added): *"For ſo tho' a Triangle in the moſt ſimple and preciſe Conception of it be only a Figure ''compriſed of'' three right Lines, yet theſe three Lines will neceſſarily make three Angles, and theſe three Angles will be equal to two right ones, ''&c''." (1704)〔John Norris, ''An essay towards the theory of the ideal or intelligible world. Design'd for two parts: The first considering it absolutely in it self, and the second in relation to human understanding'' (London, 1704), part II (''Being the relative part of it''), §43, p. 53; (here ) at Google Books.〕〔See Mark Liberman, "(Counterfeit cultural capital )", Language Log, 11 May 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2015.〕 *"Not Punch, nor Salmagundi, nor any other Drink or Meat, of more repugnant Compounds, can be ''compriſed of'' more contrary Ingredients, nor work more different Effects in the various Minds of Men and Women, than that ſublime! groveling! joyful! melancholy! flouriſhing! ruinous! happy! diſtracting! whimſical, and unaccountable, tame, mad Monſter, ''Love!''" (1752)〔W. () Goodall, ''The adventures of Capt. Greenland: Written in imitation of all those wise, learned, witty and humorous authors, who either already have, or hereafter may write in the same stile and manner'' (London, 1752), vol. 1, p. 30; (here ) at Google Books.〕 *"The supper having been removed, and nothing but the dessert, which is ''comprised of'' the choisest fruits, and confectionary in all its various forms and claſſes remaining, the party stand prepared for the attack. . . ." (1818)〔J. () Shillibeer, ''A Narrative of the Briton's Voyage, to Pitcairn's Island; Including an Interesting Sketch of the Present State of the Brazils and of the Spanish South America'', 3rd ed. (London, 1818), p. 140; (here ) at Google Books.〕 *"So the younger division of the party, ''comprised of'' Nellie Cahill and Edith Paulton, fell to the rear, and the other division kept the front." (1886)〔Richard Dowling, ''Tempest-Driven: A Romance'' (London, 1886); (here ) at Project Gutenberg).〕 *"I started another sketch on the strength of this statement, but feeling a bit dubious over his assertion that the one tree was ''comprised of'' a whole row, I tackled the 'oldest inhabitant,' an ancient and pensioned park-keeper, who luckily hove in sight." (1902)〔Harry Furniss, ''The Confessions of a Caricaturist'' (New York and London, 1902) vol. 1, p. 99; (here ) at Project Gutenberg.〕 *"The body-covering of birds is, without exception, ''comprised of'' feathers, and by this character alone birds may be distinguished from all other animals." (1911)〔''The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts Sciences, Literature and General Information'', 11th ed., ''s.v.'' "Feather"; (here ) at Project Gutenberg.〕 The works of major novelists, intellectuals and essayists have included "comprised of": *"The mining towns are comprised of the sudden erections which sprung from the finding of gold in the neighbourhood, and are generally surrounded by thick forest.” Anthony Trollope, 1873 *“One element of the immediate feelings of the concrescent subject is comprised of the anticipatory feelings of the transcendent future in its relation to the immediate fact.” Alfred North Whitehead 1929 *“There is a dead nerveless area on the Left, comprised of the old sense of paralysis before the horror of the gas chamber.” Norman Mailer, 1968 *”The dualism to which Sartre refers is that of the unconscious id, which is wholly comprised of the instinctual drives, and the conscious ego.” Lionel Trilling, 1972 *”The book is comprised of a few of the innumerable letters, statements, speeches and articles delivered by me since 1963.” Bertrand Russell, 1967 *”’The Auroras of Autumn’ is comprised of ten sections, each of unrhymed tercets.” Harold Bloom, 2003 *"I never set out to 'write' a memoir — the book called 'A Widow’s Story' is comprised of journal entries from Feb. 11, 2008, through Aug. 29, 2008." Joyce Carol Oates, 2011 *”The House of the Spirits is, or rather retrospectively it became, the last of a trilogy that is comprised of itself, preceded by Daughter of Fortune and Portrait in Sepia.” Christopher Hitchens, 2011 Among more recent examples, the ''Merriam Webster Dictionary'' attributes "about 8 percent of our military forces are comprised of women" to former US President Jimmy Carter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Comprise )〕 It has been used in ''The New Yorker, The Atlantic'', and ''The New York Times''.〔Mark Liberman, "(Counterfeit cultural capital )", Language Log, 11 May 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Comprised of」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|